{"id":2167,"date":"2026-07-27T08:08:13","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T08:08:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/noselab.sviluppokeyweb.com\/indice-di-ossigeno-loi-limited-oxygen-index-normative-astm-d2863-e-iso-4589-2\/"},"modified":"2026-09-08T06:54:37","modified_gmt":"2026-09-08T06:54:37","slug":"oxygen-index-loi-measurement-principle-astm-d2863-and-iso-4589-2-standards","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/en\/oxygen-index-loi-measurement-principle-astm-d2863-and-iso-4589-2-standards\/","title":{"rendered":"Oxygen Index (LOI): Measurement Principle, ASTM D2863 and ISO 4589-2 Standards"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1036634973\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-643409779\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div id=\"text-371405679\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\n\n<p><strong>The Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) determines the minimum oxygen concentration required to sustain the combustion of a polymeric material. The method is widely used in research, flame-retardant formulation development and quality control.<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-371405679 {\n  text-align: center;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-973648429\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner text-center\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_475131193\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"603\" src=\"https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-ossigeno-Immagine-1-1024x605.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-ossigeno-Immagine-1-1024x605.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-ossigeno-Immagine-1-300x177.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-ossigeno-Immagine-1-768x453.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-ossigeno-Immagine-1-1080x638.webp 1080w, https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-ossigeno-Immagine-1-64x38.webp 64w, https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-ossigeno-Immagine-1.webp 1233w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_475131193 {\n  width: 57%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<p>Automatic EA04 system for Limiting Oxygen Index determination.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-682373824\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-793168734\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<h2>What is the Oxygen Index?<\/h2>\n<p>The Oxygen Index, referred to as LOI (Limiting Oxygen Index) or OI (Oxygen Index), expresses the minimum volumetric concentration of oxygen in an oxygen\/nitrogen mixture capable of supporting the combustion of a small vertical test specimen under specified test conditions.<\/p>\n<p>The result is expressed as a percentage of oxygen. In general, a higher value indicates that the material requires a greater oxygen concentration to continue burning. The value is therefore useful for comparing materials, formulations and the effect of flame-retardant additives.<\/p>\n<h3>CORRECT INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULT<\/h3>\n<p>LOI is a comparative index obtained under laboratory conditions. It should not, on its own, be interpreted as a complete prediction of a product&#8217;s fire behaviour in its final application.<\/p>\n<h2>How the LOI Test is Performed<\/h2>\n<p>The specimen is positioned vertically inside a transparent Pyrex glass column. A controlled oxygen\/nitrogen mixture flows upward through the column. Once the gas composition has stabilized, the specimen is ignited and the flame behaviour is observed.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kw-table-wrap\">\n<table class=\"kw-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Fase<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Action<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Controlled variable<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-num\" data-label=\"Fase\">1<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Operazione\">Specimen preparation and mounting<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Variabile controllata\">Specimen geometry and orientation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-num\" data-label=\"Fase\">2<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Operazione\">Setting the O\u2082\/N\u2082 mixture<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Variabile controllata\">Oxygen concentration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-num\" data-label=\"Fase\">3<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Operazione\">Flow stabilization<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Variabile controllata\">Flow rate and uniformity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-num\" data-label=\"Fase\">4<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Operazione\">Controlled ignition<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Variabile controllata\">Flame application method<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-num\" data-label=\"Fase\">5<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Operazione\">Combustion observation<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Variabile controllata\">Burning time and flame propagation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-num\" data-label=\"Fase\">6<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Operazione\">Determination of the limiting value<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Variabile controllata\">Minimum concentration that sustains combustion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1387365487\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner text-center\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1228200959\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"205\" height=\"232\" src=\"https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-ossigeno-Immagine3.webp\" class=\"attachment-original size-original\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-ossigeno-Immagine3.webp 205w, https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-ossigeno-Immagine3-64x72.webp 64w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 205px) 100vw, 205px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1228200959 {\n  width: 20%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<p><em>Example of specimen positioning and ignition in the test column.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1611275803\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-2000799314\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<h2>Meaning of the Measured Value<\/h2>\n<p>The measured value represents the transition point between sustained combustion and self-extinguishment according to the method criteria. Reliable and comparable results require strict control of the gas mixture, flow conditions, specimen geometry, material conditioning and ignition procedure.<\/p>\n<h2>Reference Standards<\/h2>\n<div class=\"kw-table-wrap\">\n<table class=\"kw-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Standard<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Subject<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-strong\" data-label=\"Standard\">ASTM D2863-23e1<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Subject\">Minimum oxygen concentration that supports candle-like combustion<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Scope\">Plastic materials<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-strong\" data-label=\"Standard\">ISO 4589-2:2017<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Subject\">Determination of the Oxygen Index at ambient temperature<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Scope\">Small vertical specimens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1717071023\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<h2 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"43\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"43\">Noselab ATS Automatic System Technology<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"45\" data-end=\"341\">In the EA04 system, the oxygen concentration is measured using a paramagnetic transducer. Microprocessor-based control enables direct reading of the measured values, automatic flow control, and oxygen\/nitrogen mixing. Testing and calibration procedures are managed via a 7-inch color touchscreen.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kw-table-wrap\">\n<table class=\"kw-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">FUNCTION<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">DECLARED CONFIGURATION<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-strong\" data-label=\"Standard\">O\u2082 Detection<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Item\">Paramagnetic transducer, O\u2082 accuracy &lt; 0.1%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-strong\" data-label=\"Standard\">Flow Control<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Item\">Automatic via mass flow controller<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-strong\" data-label=\"Standard\">Mixing<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Item\">Automatic oxygen\/nitrogen control<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-strong\" data-label=\"Standard\">Control<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Item\">Microprocessor and 7\u201d color touchscreen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-strong\" data-label=\"Standard\">Calibration<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Item\">Automatic at 0% and 100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-strong\" data-label=\"Standard\">Gas Optimization<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Item\">Option to add air for measurements at high oxygen concentrations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-strong\" data-label=\"Standard\">Connection<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Item\">USB output for PC connection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-strong\" data-label=\"Standard\">Column<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Item\">Type A Pyrex glass, \u00d8100 \u00d7 450 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-501960130\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1083771006\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<h2 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-section-id=\"x5tuot\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"37\">Why use a paramagnetic transducer?<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"39\" data-end=\"345\">Oxygen has paramagnetic properties that can be used to determine its concentration. In the context of the LOI test, continuous measurement of the O\u2082 percentage makes it possible to verify the composition of the mixture actually present in the column, rather than relying solely on nominal flow-rate values.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"680\">\n<h3>METROLOGICAL ADVANTAGE<\/h3>\n<p>The combination of concentration measurement and automatic flow control reduces the need for manual adjustments and helps ensure more stable and repeatable test conditions.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-219308408\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner text-right\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_651685369\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"207\" height=\"156\" src=\"https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-di-ossigeno-Immagine6.webp\" class=\"attachment-original size-original\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-di-ossigeno-Immagine6.webp 207w, https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-di-ossigeno-Immagine6-64x48.webp 64w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 207px) 100vw, 207px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_651685369 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1193778885\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1471209176\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"520\" height=\"548\" src=\"https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-di-ossigeno-Immagine7.webp\" class=\"attachment-original size-original\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-di-ossigeno-Immagine7.webp 520w, https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-di-ossigeno-Immagine7-285x300.webp 285w, https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/articolo-indice-di-ossigeno-Immagine7-64x67.webp 64w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1471209176 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-442001429\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1042996216\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Left: optional Data Link INDOX software. Right: holders for different types of specimens.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Applications in Laboratories and Industry<\/h2>\n<p>The LOI test is suitable for the comparative characterization of insulating materials, cable jackets, elastomeric and plastomeric fillers used in electrical cables. The principle can also be applied to research and quality control of other polymeric materials within the scope of the relevant standard.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kw-table-wrap kw-table--lines\">\n<table class=\"kw-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Industry<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Materials \/ Components<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Use of Results<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-strong\" data-label=\"Sector\">Electrical Cables<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Materials \/ Components\">Insulation, jackets and fillers<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Use of Results\">Comparison of combustion behavior<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-strong\" data-label=\"Sector\">Polymers<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Materials \/ Components\">Thermoplastics and flame-retardant formulations<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Use of Results\">Development of flame-retardant materials<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-strong\" data-label=\"Sector\">Elastomers<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Materials \/ Components\">Compounds and flexible components<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Use of Results\">Comparative evaluation of formulations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-strong\" data-label=\"Sector\">Foams<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Materials \/ Components\">Self-supporting cellular materials<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Use of Results\">Product control and research<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-strong\" data-label=\"Sector\">R&amp;D Laboratories<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Materials \/ Components\">Experimental samples<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Use of Results\">Screening and formulation optimization<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"kw-strong\" data-label=\"Sector\">Quality Control<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Materials \/ Components\">Production batches<\/td>\n<td data-label=\"Use of Results\">Verification of process consistency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"col-159717562\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner text-center\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Conclusions<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The Limiting Oxygen Index provides a quantitative parameter for comparing the combustion behaviour of polymeric materials. Reliable results depend on accurate control of the gas mixture, stable flow conditions and strict compliance with the standardized procedure. The NOSELAB ATS automatic system integrates paramagnetic oxygen measurement, automatic flow regulation, calibration and digital test management in a configuration designed for research and quality control laboratories.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Technical references<\/strong>: NOSELAB ATS Technical Datasheet rev. 3-2019; ISO 4589-2:2017; ASTM D2863-23e1.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t<section class=\"section dark has-parallax\" id=\"section_651595413\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" data-parallax-container=\".section\" data-parallax-background data-parallax=\"-3\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.noselab-ats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/cta-sezione-azienda.webp\" class=\"bg attachment-original size-original\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"section-bg-overlay absolute fill\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n\n\t<div id=\"gap-1405090775\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1405090775 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #gap-1405090775 {\n    padding-top: 0px;\n  }\n}\n@media (min-width:850px) {\n  #gap-1405090775 {\n    padding-top: 50px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n<div class=\"row align-center\"  id=\"row-1121551249\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-626839609\" class=\"col glass medium-9 small-11 large-6\"  data-animate=\"fadeInUp\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner text-center\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<p class=\"pretitolobox\">CONTACT US<\/p>\n<h2>Browse the Noselab ATS catalogue: discover the equipment available!<\/h2>\n<p>Contact us now for more information<\/p>\n<a href=\"\/contact-details\/\" class=\"button primary\" >\n\t\t<span>CONTACT US<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_651595413 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n  min-height: 400px;\n}\n#section_651595413 .section-bg-overlay {\n  background-color: rgba(0,0,0,.5);\n}\n#section_651595413 .section-bg img {\n  object-position: 64% 37%;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #section_651595413 {\n    min-height: 500px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2175,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[351],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fire-safety-standards-and-test-methods"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - 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